Annuities
The
material presented on this web site may contain concepts that have legal, accounting and tax implications. It is not intended
to provide legal, accounting or tax advice, you may wish to consult a competent attorney, tax advisor, or accountant.
Note: Any reference to the
word guarantee is based on the claims paying ability of the underlying insurance company.
An
annuity is a contract issued by an insurance company. It is a unique financial product that provides tax deferral of interest
and capital gains and the option (if funds are annuitized) of a guaranteed monthly income for life. Although annuities can
serve various needs, the primary purpose of an annuity is that of a retirement vehicle for the annuitant, the person who will
usually receive the annuity benefits. The annuity is an attractive retirement vehicle because the money accumulating in an
annuity, grows on a tax deferred basis. There are two parts to an annuity: the accumulation phase and the distribution phase.
After
accumulating money in an annuity it is not mandatory that the annuitant exercise the annuitization option and relinquish control
of his or her cash value and enter into the annuity distribution phase, the annuitant can simply cash out of his or her annuity.
The Accumulation Phase:
Features:
During the accumulation phase, the fund grows tax deferred, it does not grow tax free.
If the annuity was not purchased as part of a qualified retirement program such as an IRA, 401(k), TSA, or 457 plan, income
taxes are paid on the earnings when money is ultimately paid out. If the annuity is part of a qualified plan the entire fund
is subject to income taxes as it is withdrawn.
Surrender charges for early
withdrawals. Most offer partial withdrawals free of surrender charges.
If you withdraw money from
your annuity before age 59 ½ it is called a “premature distribution” and is subject to an additional 10% IRS penalty.
If a premature death should
occur, the accumulated funds within the annuity are transferred to the named beneficiary, avoiding probate costs.
Annuities can vary by payment
mode and are available as “single premium” (purchased with one-time payment) or “flexible premium”
(purchased with recurring periodic payments). They also vary by timing of the annuity income and may be available as a “deferred annuity” (which means that annuity income payments are deferred
until later) or as an “immediate annuity”
(which means that annuity income starts immediately).
For fixed and equity indexed
annuities there is safety of principal and earnings.
Variable products are subject
to mortality and expense charges and administrative fees not typically found with other investments.
Types:
1) Fixed annuities
2) Equity Indexed annuities
Fixed
Annuities:
In a fixed annuity, the insurance carrier:
Declares a current rate of
interest for a specified time period. Once the time expires the company will set a new rate which may be higher or lower than
the original rate.
Guarantees a minimum interest
rate of return which is specified in the contract, and at no time may the current or renewal interest rate fall below it.
Guarantees the principal.
* Equity
Indexed Annuities:
An Equity-Indexed Annuity (EIA) has interest rates that are linked to growth in the
equity market as measured by an index such as the S&P 500. The EIA owner enjoys the upside potential of equities but is
not exposed to downside risk. Subject to fixed minimum guarantees, the value of an EIA can only increase due to market growth
– it will never decline due to market movement. There are many variations in product design. No two of the EIAs are
exactly alike, and some are very different from each other. However, all the various types fall into three general categories:
annual high-water mark with look-back. The following is a simple definition of each. Please call us if you would like to know
more.
Annual
Reset – Also known as the annual ratchet
design, the annual reset design resets the starting index point annually. It also credits index increases (interest) annually
and compounds annually.
Point-to-Point – The point-to-point design measures the change in the index
from the start of the term to the end of the term.
Annual High-Water Mark with Look-Back – The annual high-water mark
with look-back can be viewed as a variation on the point-to-point design, except that it measures the index from the start
of the term to the highest anniversary value over the term.
* Some annuities allow the
insurance company to change participation rates, cap rates or spread/asset/margin fees either annual or at the start of the
next contract term. If an insurance company subsequently lowers the participation rate or cap rate or increases the fees,
this could adversely affect an investor's return. Therefore, a prospective investor must carefully review his or her contract
in order to examine these issues.
Withdrawal:
Withdrawals may be made at any time. However, the withdrawal may be subject surrender charges and if done before age
59 ½ there will be a 10% IRS penalty. Some contracts allow an annual 10% withdrawal free of surrender charges.
The owner may pre-authorize
a systematic periodic withdrawal plan. The owner of the contract instructs the company to withdraw a percentage or a level
dollar amount from the contract on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual, or annual basis.
The Distribution Phase
As part of the distribution
phase, the owner has two options, he or she can withdraw money (either in a lump sum or elect a systematic withdrawal plan)
or annuitize (purchase an annuity pay out plan).
Annuitization
When the owner annuitizes the funds he or she purchases an annuity
pay out plan. In a Fixed and in an Equity Indexed Annuity the owner purchases a monthly income that will be paid to him or
her until death. It is a guaranteed income that will not change. In a variable annuity, the owner has an option to do the
same or transfer all or part of the contract to one or more of the sub-accounts that are available, and annuitize those funds.
The funds that are annuitized in the separate accounts produce an income that will change from month to month based on the
performance of the sub-account that the funds are placed in.
Annuity
Pay Out Plans:
Life Only - Periodic
monthly payments to an annuitant for the duration of his or her lifetime and then ceases. It is for a lifetime, the annuitant
cannot outlive the payments. The payments are determined at the time of purchase and are based on age and sex.
Life
with 10 years certain – Payments will be made for at least ten years, regardless if the
annuitant lives for the entire ten years. If the annuitant dies during the ten-year period the remainder of the ten-year payments
will be made to a beneficiary. If the annuitant lives longer than ten years he or she will continue to receive payments for
his or her lifetime. The guaranteed monthly payments will be less than “life only.”
Life
with 20 years certain – Payments will be made for at least twenty years, regardless if the
annuitant lives for the entire twenty years. If the annuitant dies during the twenty-year period the remainder of the twenty-year
payments will be made to a beneficiary. If the annuitant lives longer than twenty years he or she will continue to receive
payments for his or her lifetime. The guaranteed monthly payments will be less than “life only”, and “Life
with 10 years certain.”
Want to learn more about Index
Annuities?
http://www.indexannuity.org
This web site may contain concepts
that have legal, accounting and tax implications. It is not intended to provide legal, accounting or tax advice. You may wish
to consult a competent attorney, tax advisor, or accountant.
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